Self-service checkouts are no longer a novelty in Poland, but changing regulations, the growing importance of cashless payments and accessibility challenges mean that in 2025 it is worth taking another look at their legal status. Is it possible to abandon cash? Does a shop have to have a traditional cash register? And what are the consequences of mistakes in the organisation of the SCO zone?
Increasingly popular, but not without controversy
In recent years, the number of self-service checkouts in Polish stores has increased significantly. They are used by both large retail chains and smaller stores that want to optimize labor costs. This trend is part of a broader trend toward retail automation that we are seeing across Europe.
Importantly, as we showed in our first blog post, self-checkout counters are very popular with customers in Poland. Consumers appreciate them for their speed, convenience, and the sense of control they give them over their purchases.
However, as the number of implementations grows, so do legal and social questions – particularly in the context of the right to pay with cash, access to personal service, and consumer protection.
Does a self-service cash register have to accept cash?

This is one of the most frequently asked questions in the context of self-service checkouts in 2025. Under current law, the answer is yes – unless one of the exceptions provided for by law applies. According to Article 32 of the Act on the National Bank of Poland, cash is a legal means of payment in Poland, and a seller cannot refuse to accept it without a legal basis.
According to the amendment to the Payment Services Act, there are only three exceptions in which cash payments may be excluded:
- for distance sales (e.g., in an online store),
- in vending machines (e.g., ticket machines, parking meters),
- during mass events – provided that the customer is informed in advance.
In all other cases, including brick-and-mortar stores with self-service checkouts, refusal to accept cash may be considered a violation of the law (under Article 135 of the Code of Misdemeanors).
Therefore, when implementing self-service checkouts in 2025, store owners must ensure not only that the technology is in place, but also that they fulfill their information obligations towards customers. It is essential to clearly communicate the forms of payment accepted, preferably at the point of entry to the store.
Does the store need to have a traditional cash register with staff?
There is no regulation requiring the presence of a cashier. However, in practice, the lack of such a position may entail legal risk.
The Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) emphasizes that the seller must ensure that every consumer has a real opportunity to make purchases, regardless of their age, level of fitness, or technological skills. If a customer is unable to use a self-service checkout and has no other means of making a purchase, this may be considered a violation of the collective interests of consumers.
Cashless stores – are they legal?
In 2023, a parliamentary question was raised regarding the legality of stores that operate exclusively on a cashless basis. This concerned in particular self-service convenience formats and mobile applications.
Legal opinion
A store may limit payment to cashless forms if it informs the customer of this before the transaction is concluded. However, it cannot surprise the consumer with this restriction at the payment stage. Clear information and the option to cancel the purchase are conditions for legality.
Seller’s obligations under consumer law
Regardless of the form of service, every store is required to:
- enable customers to familiarize themselves with the terms and conditions of purchase,
- ensure clear labeling of prices, payment methods, and contact information for customer service,
- enable problems to be resolved on site (e.g., product blocking),
- ensure the possibility of returns or complaints.
Unattended stores must therefore adequately prepare for emergency scenarios, otherwise they risk liability for violating consumer rights.
How do stores deal with the cash problem?
In order to reconcile legal requirements with the convenience of automation, many retail chains have adopted different approaches:
Hybrid model
A combination of self-service and traditional checkouts. Customers can choose where to pay. Cash is only accepted at traditional checkouts. This model is used by Stokrotka, Spar, Biedronka, Lidl, Carrefour, and Auchan, among others.
Hourly restrictions
In some stores, cash payments are only accepted at certain times when staff are available.
Information boards
Stores display clear notices about the lack of cash services at the entrance and in the checkout area. This allows customers to decide not to shop before they start scanning their products.
SCO assistant with cash payment option
Despite the lack of traditional cash registers, some stores allow customers to pay in cash to an employee supervising the self-service area. This is a compromise between self-service and accessibility.
Cash payment at a separate payment terminal
A model familiar from McDonald’s: the customer places an order at a kiosk and then pays in cash at a separate device. Such solutions may also find their way into retail in the future.
Self-service checkouts with cash handling – technical problems
Although they theoretically allow for greater accessibility, checkouts with a cash module have a significant disadvantage – in the event of a cash module failure, the checkout becomes completely inaccessible, even for customers paying by card. In Poland, where around 80% of transactions are cashless, this operational risk discourages chains from implementing them.
Examples from the Polish market
Żabka Nano
Completely unattended stores, accessible after authorization via a mobile app. No cash is accepted, but customers are informed of this before entering.
Lidl
In some stores, customers can pay in cash to a SCO assistant. The hybrid model combines self-service and staffed checkouts.
Biedronka, Stokrotka, Spar, Carrefour
Uses a classic mixed model: self-service and traditional checkouts. Cash is only accepted at the latter.
Auchan
Cash has been discontinued at SCOs – cash payments are now only possible at cashier-staffed checkouts. The mixed model is still in place.
McDonald’s
Orders are placed at a kiosk and payment is made separately – by card or cash – at special payment terminals.
Summary: what you need to know
- A store can operate exclusively with self-service checkouts if it ensures accessibility and clear communication.
- Not accepting cash payments is acceptable if customers are informed of this in advance.
- Not providing in-store customer service may lead to legal issues.
- The hybrid model remains the safest form of implementation.
From my daily work with partners, I see one thing: the best implementations are those that not only comply with regulations but also build customer trust. I believe that technology should make shopping easier for everyone, not just the most digitally savvy.













